// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style // license that can be found in the LICENSE file. // HTTP file system request handler package http import ( "errors" "fmt" "io" "mime" "mime/multipart" "net/textproto" "net/url" "os" "path" "path/filepath" "sort" "strconv" "strings" "time" ) // A Dir implements FileSystem using the native file system restricted to a // specific directory tree. // // While the FileSystem.Open method takes '/'-separated paths, a Dir's string // value is a filename on the native file system, not a URL, so it is separated // by filepath.Separator, which isn't necessarily '/'. // // An empty Dir is treated as ".". type Dir string func (d Dir) Open(name string) (File, error) { if filepath.Separator != '/' && strings.ContainsRune(name, filepath.Separator) || strings.Contains(name, "\x00") { return nil, errors.New("http: invalid character in file path") } dir := string(d) if dir == "" { dir = "." } f, err := os.Open(filepath.Join(dir, filepath.FromSlash(path.Clean("/"+name)))) if err != nil { return nil, err } return f, nil } // A FileSystem implements access to a collection of named files. // The elements in a file path are separated by slash ('/', U+002F) // characters, regardless of host operating system convention. type FileSystem interface { Open(name string) (File, error) } // A File is returned by a FileSystem's Open method and can be // served by the FileServer implementation. // // The methods should behave the same as those on an *os.File. type File interface { io.Closer io.Reader io.Seeker Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) Stat() (os.FileInfo, error) } func dirList(w ResponseWriter, f File) { dirs, err := f.Readdir(-1) if err != nil { // TODO: log err.Error() to the Server.ErrorLog, once it's possible // for a handler to get at its Server via the ResponseWriter. See // Issue 12438. Error(w, "Error reading directory", StatusInternalServerError) return } sort.Slice(dirs, func(i, j int) bool { return dirs[i].Name() < dirs[j].Name() }) w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8") fmt.Fprintf(w, "
\n")
	for _, d := range dirs {
		name := d.Name()
		if d.IsDir() {
			name += "/"
		}
		// name may contain '?' or '#', which must be escaped to remain
		// part of the URL path, and not indicate the start of a query
		// string or fragment.
		url := url.URL{Path: name}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", url.String(), htmlReplacer.Replace(name))
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "
\n") } // ServeContent replies to the request using the content in the // provided ReadSeeker. The main benefit of ServeContent over io.Copy // is that it handles Range requests properly, sets the MIME type, and // handles If-Match, If-Unmodified-Since, If-None-Match, If-Modified-Since, // and If-Range requests. // // If the response's Content-Type header is not set, ServeContent // first tries to deduce the type from name's file extension and, // if that fails, falls back to reading the first block of the content // and passing it to DetectContentType. // The name is otherwise unused; in particular it can be empty and is // never sent in the response. // // If modtime is not the zero time or Unix epoch, ServeContent // includes it in a Last-Modified header in the response. If the // request includes an If-Modified-Since header, ServeContent uses // modtime to decide whether the content needs to be sent at all. // // The content's Seek method must work: ServeContent uses // a seek to the end of the content to determine its size. // // If the caller has set w's ETag header formatted per RFC 7232, section 2.3, // ServeContent uses it to handle requests using If-Match, If-None-Match, or If-Range. // // Note that *os.File implements the io.ReadSeeker interface. func ServeContent(w ResponseWriter, req *Request, name string, modtime time.Time, content io.ReadSeeker) { sizeFunc := func() (int64, error) { size, err := content.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd) if err != nil { return 0, errSeeker } _, err = content.Seek(0, io.SeekStart) if err != nil { return 0, errSeeker } return size, nil } serveContent(w, req, name, modtime, sizeFunc, content) } // errSeeker is returned by ServeContent's sizeFunc when the content // doesn't seek properly. The underlying Seeker's error text isn't // included in the sizeFunc reply so it's not sent over HTTP to end // users. var errSeeker = errors.New("seeker can't seek") // errNoOverlap is returned by serveContent's parseRange if first-byte-pos of // all of the byte-range-spec values is greater than the content size. var errNoOverlap = errors.New("invalid range: failed to overlap") // if name is empty, filename is unknown. (used for mime type, before sniffing) // if modtime.IsZero(), modtime is unknown. // content must be seeked to the beginning of the file. // The sizeFunc is called at most once. Its error, if any, is sent in the HTTP response. func serveContent(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, name string, modtime time.Time, sizeFunc func() (int64, error), content io.ReadSeeker) { setLastModified(w, modtime) done, rangeReq := checkPreconditions(w, r, modtime) if done { return } code := StatusOK // If Content-Type isn't set, use the file's extension to find it, but // if the Content-Type is unset explicitly, do not sniff the type. ctypes, haveType := w.Header()["Content-Type"] var ctype string if !haveType { ctype = mime.TypeByExtension(filepath.Ext(name)) if ctype == "" { // read a chunk to decide between utf-8 text and binary var buf [sniffLen]byte n, _ := io.ReadFull(content, buf[:]) ctype = DetectContentType(buf[:n]) _, err := content.Seek(0, io.SeekStart) // rewind to output whole file if err != nil { Error(w, "seeker can't seek", StatusInternalServerError) return } } w.Header().Set("Content-Type", ctype) } else if len(ctypes) > 0 { ctype = ctypes[0] } size, err := sizeFunc() if err != nil { Error(w, err.Error(), StatusInternalServerError) return } // handle Content-Range header. sendSize := size var sendContent io.Reader = content if size >= 0 { ranges, err := parseRange(rangeReq, size) if err != nil { if err == errNoOverlap { w.Header().Set("Content-Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes */%d", size)) } Error(w, err.Error(), StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable) return } if sumRangesSize(ranges) > size { // The total number of bytes in all the ranges // is larger than the size of the file by // itself, so this is probably an attack, or a // dumb client. Ignore the range request. ranges = nil } switch { case len(ranges) == 1: // RFC 2616, Section 14.16: // "When an HTTP message includes the content of a single // range (for example, a response to a request for a // single range, or to a request for a set of ranges // that overlap without any holes), this content is // transmitted with a Content-Range header, and a // Content-Length header showing the number of bytes // actually transferred. // ... // A response to a request for a single range MUST NOT // be sent using the multipart/byteranges media type." ra := ranges[0] if _, err := content.Seek(ra.start, io.SeekStart); err != nil { Error(w, err.Error(), StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable) return } sendSize = ra.length code = StatusPartialContent w.Header().Set("Content-Range", ra.contentRange(size)) case len(ranges) > 1: sendSize = rangesMIMESize(ranges, ctype, size) code = StatusPartialContent pr, pw := io.Pipe() mw := multipart.NewWriter(pw) w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "multipart/byteranges; boundary="+mw.Boundary()) sendContent = pr defer pr.Close() // cause writing goroutine to fail and exit if CopyN doesn't finish. go func() { for _, ra := range ranges { part, err := mw.CreatePart(ra.mimeHeader(ctype, size)) if err != nil { pw.CloseWithError(err) return } if _, err := content.Seek(ra.start, io.SeekStart); err != nil { pw.CloseWithError(err) return } if _, err := io.CopyN(part, content, ra.length); err != nil { pw.CloseWithError(err) return } } mw.Close() pw.Close() }() } w.Header().Set("Accept-Ranges", "bytes") if w.Header().Get("Content-Encoding") == "" { w.Header().Set("Content-Length", strconv.FormatInt(sendSize, 10)) } } w.WriteHeader(code) if r.Method != "HEAD" { io.CopyN(w, sendContent, sendSize) } } // scanETag determines if a syntactically valid ETag is present at s. If so, // the ETag and remaining text after consuming ETag is returned. Otherwise, // it returns "", "". func scanETag(s string) (etag string, remain string) { s = textproto.TrimString(s) start := 0 if strings.HasPrefix(s, "W/") { start = 2 } if len(s[start:]) < 2 || s[start] != '"' { return "", "" } // ETag is either W/"text" or "text". // See RFC 7232 2.3. for i := start + 1; i < len(s); i++ { c := s[i] switch { // Character values allowed in ETags. case c == 0x21 || c >= 0x23 && c <= 0x7E || c >= 0x80: case c == '"': return string(s[:i+1]), s[i+1:] default: break } } return "", "" } // etagStrongMatch reports whether a and b match using strong ETag comparison. // Assumes a and b are valid ETags. func etagStrongMatch(a, b string) bool { return a == b && a != "" && a[0] == '"' } // etagWeakMatch reports whether a and b match using weak ETag comparison. // Assumes a and b are valid ETags. func etagWeakMatch(a, b string) bool { return strings.TrimPrefix(a, "W/") == strings.TrimPrefix(b, "W/") } // condResult is the result of an HTTP request precondition check. // See https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7232 section 3. type condResult int const ( condNone condResult = iota condTrue condFalse ) func checkIfMatch(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) condResult { im := r.Header.Get("If-Match") if im == "" { return condNone } for { im = textproto.TrimString(im) if len(im) == 0 { break } if im[0] == ',' { im = im[1:] continue } if im[0] == '*' { return condTrue } etag, remain := scanETag(im) if etag == "" { break } if etagStrongMatch(etag, w.Header().get("Etag")) { return condTrue } im = remain } return condFalse } func checkIfUnmodifiedSince(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, modtime time.Time) condResult { ius := r.Header.Get("If-Unmodified-Since") if ius == "" || isZeroTime(modtime) { return condNone } if t, err := ParseTime(ius); err == nil { // The Date-Modified header truncates sub-second precision, so // use mtime < t+1s instead of mtime <= t to check for unmodified. if modtime.Before(t.Add(1 * time.Second)) { return condTrue } return condFalse } return condNone } func checkIfNoneMatch(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) condResult { inm := r.Header.get("If-None-Match") if inm == "" { return condNone } buf := inm for { buf = textproto.TrimString(buf) if len(buf) == 0 { break } if buf[0] == ',' { buf = buf[1:] } if buf[0] == '*' { return condFalse } etag, remain := scanETag(buf) if etag == "" { break } if etagWeakMatch(etag, w.Header().get("Etag")) { return condFalse } buf = remain } return condTrue } func checkIfModifiedSince(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, modtime time.Time) condResult { if r.Method != "GET" && r.Method != "HEAD" { return condNone } ims := r.Header.Get("If-Modified-Since") if ims == "" || isZeroTime(modtime) { return condNone } t, err := ParseTime(ims) if err != nil { return condNone } // The Date-Modified header truncates sub-second precision, so // use mtime < t+1s instead of mtime <= t to check for unmodified. if modtime.Before(t.Add(1 * time.Second)) { return condFalse } return condTrue } func checkIfRange(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, modtime time.Time) condResult { if r.Method != "GET" { return condNone } ir := r.Header.get("If-Range") if ir == "" { return condNone } etag, _ := scanETag(ir) if etag != "" { if etagStrongMatch(etag, w.Header().Get("Etag")) { return condTrue } else { return condFalse } } // The If-Range value is typically the ETag value, but it may also be // the modtime date. See golang.org/issue/8367. if modtime.IsZero() { return condFalse } t, err := ParseTime(ir) if err != nil { return condFalse } if t.Unix() == modtime.Unix() { return condTrue } return condFalse } var unixEpochTime = time.Unix(0, 0) // isZeroTime reports whether t is obviously unspecified (either zero or Unix()=0). func isZeroTime(t time.Time) bool { return t.IsZero() || t.Equal(unixEpochTime) } func setLastModified(w ResponseWriter, modtime time.Time) { if !isZeroTime(modtime) { w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", modtime.UTC().Format(TimeFormat)) } } func writeNotModified(w ResponseWriter) { // RFC 7232 section 4.1: // a sender SHOULD NOT generate representation metadata other than the // above listed fields unless said metadata exists for the purpose of // guiding cache updates (e.g., Last-Modified might be useful if the // response does not have an ETag field). h := w.Header() delete(h, "Content-Type") delete(h, "Content-Length") if h.Get("Etag") != "" { delete(h, "Last-Modified") } w.WriteHeader(StatusNotModified) } // checkPreconditions evaluates request preconditions and reports whether a precondition // resulted in sending StatusNotModified or StatusPreconditionFailed. func checkPreconditions(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, modtime time.Time) (done bool, rangeHeader string) { // This function carefully follows RFC 7232 section 6. ch := checkIfMatch(w, r) if ch == condNone { ch = checkIfUnmodifiedSince(w, r, modtime) } if ch == condFalse { w.WriteHeader(StatusPreconditionFailed) return true, "" } switch checkIfNoneMatch(w, r) { case condFalse: if r.Method == "GET" || r.Method == "HEAD" { writeNotModified(w) return true, "" } else { w.WriteHeader(StatusPreconditionFailed) return true, "" } case condNone: if checkIfModifiedSince(w, r, modtime) == condFalse { writeNotModified(w) return true, "" } } rangeHeader = r.Header.get("Range") if rangeHeader != "" { if checkIfRange(w, r, modtime) == condFalse { rangeHeader = "" } } return false, rangeHeader } // name is '/'-separated, not filepath.Separator. func serveFile(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, fs FileSystem, name string, redirect bool) { const indexPage = "/index.html" // redirect .../index.html to .../ // can't use Redirect() because that would make the path absolute, // which would be a problem running under StripPrefix if strings.HasSuffix(r.URL.Path, indexPage) { localRedirect(w, r, "./") return } f, err := fs.Open(name) if err != nil { msg, code := toHTTPError(err) Error(w, msg, code) return } defer f.Close() d, err := f.Stat() if err != nil { msg, code := toHTTPError(err) Error(w, msg, code) return } if redirect { // redirect to canonical path: / at end of directory url // r.URL.Path always begins with / url := r.URL.Path if d.IsDir() { if url[len(url)-1] != '/' { localRedirect(w, r, path.Base(url)+"/") return } } else { if url[len(url)-1] == '/' { localRedirect(w, r, "../"+path.Base(url)) return } } } // redirect if the directory name doesn't end in a slash if d.IsDir() { url := r.URL.Path if url[len(url)-1] != '/' { localRedirect(w, r, path.Base(url)+"/") return } } // use contents of index.html for directory, if present if d.IsDir() { index := strings.TrimSuffix(name, "/") + indexPage ff, err := fs.Open(index) if err == nil { defer ff.Close() dd, err := ff.Stat() if err == nil { name = index d = dd f = ff } } } // Still a directory? (we didn't find an index.html file) if d.IsDir() { if checkIfModifiedSince(w, r, d.ModTime()) == condFalse { writeNotModified(w) return } w.Header().Set("Last-Modified", d.ModTime().UTC().Format(TimeFormat)) dirList(w, f) return } // serveContent will check modification time sizeFunc := func() (int64, error) { return d.Size(), nil } serveContent(w, r, d.Name(), d.ModTime(), sizeFunc, f) } // toHTTPError returns a non-specific HTTP error message and status code // for a given non-nil error value. It's important that toHTTPError does not // actually return err.Error(), since msg and httpStatus are returned to users, // and historically Go's ServeContent always returned just "404 Not Found" for // all errors. We don't want to start leaking information in error messages. func toHTTPError(err error) (msg string, httpStatus int) { if os.IsNotExist(err) { return "404 page not found", StatusNotFound } if os.IsPermission(err) { return "403 Forbidden", StatusForbidden } // Default: return "500 Internal Server Error", StatusInternalServerError } // localRedirect gives a Moved Permanently response. // It does not convert relative paths to absolute paths like Redirect does. func localRedirect(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, newPath string) { if q := r.URL.RawQuery; q != "" { newPath += "?" + q } w.Header().Set("Location", newPath) w.WriteHeader(StatusMovedPermanently) } // ServeFile replies to the request with the contents of the named // file or directory. // // If the provided file or directory name is a relative path, it is // interpreted relative to the current directory and may ascend to parent // directories. If the provided name is constructed from user input, it // should be sanitized before calling ServeFile. As a precaution, ServeFile // will reject requests where r.URL.Path contains a ".." path element. // // As a special case, ServeFile redirects any request where r.URL.Path // ends in "/index.html" to the same path, without the final // "index.html". To avoid such redirects either modify the path or // use ServeContent. func ServeFile(w ResponseWriter, r *Request, name string) { if containsDotDot(r.URL.Path) { // Too many programs use r.URL.Path to construct the argument to // serveFile. Reject the request under the assumption that happened // here and ".." may not be wanted. // Note that name might not contain "..", for example if code (still // incorrectly) used filepath.Join(myDir, r.URL.Path). Error(w, "invalid URL path", StatusBadRequest) return } dir, file := filepath.Split(name) serveFile(w, r, Dir(dir), file, false) } func containsDotDot(v string) bool { if !strings.Contains(v, "..") { return false } for _, ent := range strings.FieldsFunc(v, isSlashRune) { if ent == ".." { return true } } return false } func isSlashRune(r rune) bool { return r == '/' || r == '\\' } type fileHandler struct { root FileSystem } // FileServer returns a handler that serves HTTP requests // with the contents of the file system rooted at root. // // To use the operating system's file system implementation, // use http.Dir: // // http.Handle("/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("/tmp"))) // // As a special case, the returned file server redirects any request // ending in "/index.html" to the same path, without the final // "index.html". func FileServer(root FileSystem) Handler { return &fileHandler{root} } func (f *fileHandler) ServeHTTP(w ResponseWriter, r *Request) { upath := r.URL.Path if !strings.HasPrefix(upath, "/") { upath = "/" + upath r.URL.Path = upath } serveFile(w, r, f.root, path.Clean(upath), true) } // httpRange specifies the byte range to be sent to the client. type httpRange struct { start, length int64 } func (r httpRange) contentRange(size int64) string { return fmt.Sprintf("bytes %d-%d/%d", r.start, r.start+r.length-1, size) } func (r httpRange) mimeHeader(contentType string, size int64) textproto.MIMEHeader { return textproto.MIMEHeader{ "Content-Range": {r.contentRange(size)}, "Content-Type": {contentType}, } } // parseRange parses a Range header string as per RFC 2616. // errNoOverlap is returned if none of the ranges overlap. func parseRange(s string, size int64) ([]httpRange, error) { if s == "" { return nil, nil // header not present } const b = "bytes=" if !strings.HasPrefix(s, b) { return nil, errors.New("invalid range") } var ranges []httpRange noOverlap := false for _, ra := range strings.Split(s[len(b):], ",") { ra = strings.TrimSpace(ra) if ra == "" { continue } i := strings.Index(ra, "-") if i < 0 { return nil, errors.New("invalid range") } start, end := strings.TrimSpace(ra[:i]), strings.TrimSpace(ra[i+1:]) var r httpRange if start == "" { // If no start is specified, end specifies the // range start relative to the end of the file. i, err := strconv.ParseInt(end, 10, 64) if err != nil { return nil, errors.New("invalid range") } if i > size { i = size } r.start = size - i r.length = size - r.start } else { i, err := strconv.ParseInt(start, 10, 64) if err != nil || i < 0 { return nil, errors.New("invalid range") } if i >= size { // If the range begins after the size of the content, // then it does not overlap. noOverlap = true continue } r.start = i if end == "" { // If no end is specified, range extends to end of the file. r.length = size - r.start } else { i, err := strconv.ParseInt(end, 10, 64) if err != nil || r.start > i { return nil, errors.New("invalid range") } if i >= size { i = size - 1 } r.length = i - r.start + 1 } } ranges = append(ranges, r) } if noOverlap && len(ranges) == 0 { // The specified ranges did not overlap with the content. return nil, errNoOverlap } return ranges, nil } // countingWriter counts how many bytes have been written to it. type countingWriter int64 func (w *countingWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { *w += countingWriter(len(p)) return len(p), nil } // rangesMIMESize returns the number of bytes it takes to encode the // provided ranges as a multipart response. func rangesMIMESize(ranges []httpRange, contentType string, contentSize int64) (encSize int64) { var w countingWriter mw := multipart.NewWriter(&w) for _, ra := range ranges { mw.CreatePart(ra.mimeHeader(contentType, contentSize)) encSize += ra.length } mw.Close() encSize += int64(w) return } func sumRangesSize(ranges []httpRange) (size int64) { for _, ra := range ranges { size += ra.length } return }